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• 3.1.28 Hematology and transfusion

3.1.28 Hematology and transfusion

1. study of hematopoiesis system and blood composition in experiment and in humans (in embryo- and fetogenesis, in age aspect, both in norm and in various pathological conditions) using morphological, histochemical, immunological, genetic, molecular biological, culture and other methods of research. 2. study of the human hemostasis system in the norm and in various pathological conditions and diseases using molecular genetic, coagulological, clinical, biochemical, biophysical and integral methods of evaluation of the blood coagulation system. Study of problems of rheology, hemodynamics and hemostasis disorders using methods of mathematical modeling and medical biophysics. Surgical and orthopedic methods of correction in patients with hemostasis disorders. 3. Research on the study of etiopathogenetic mechanisms of formation and development of hereditary and acquired diseases of the blood system, based on the achievements of natural and fundamental sciences (morphology, molecular and cell biology, genetics, immunology, biochemistry and others), including experimental. 4. Diagnosis and study of the clinical course of hereditary and acquired diseases of the blood system, as well as pathological conditions arising in extreme conditions, involving a wide range of laboratory, clinical and instrumental studies, including radial imaging methods, using methods of statistical analysis and summarization of clinical data. Diagnosis, typology and therapy of psychiatric and personality disorders formed in patients with diseases of the blood system. Study of psychology and pathopsychology of the patient with blood system disease by methods of medical psychology. 5. Diagnosis, monitoring, therapy of blood system diseases in pregnant women. 6. Study of indications, effectiveness and mechanisms of therapy of blood system diseases; improvement of tactics and strategy of therapy, including the use of methods of gravitational surgery, prevention of blood system diseases, medical and social rehabilitation of patients; development of new therapeutic drugs using methods of clinical pharmacology, bioengineering, cell therapy. 7. Study of syndromes of critical states of the organism, arising due to diseases of the blood system and treatment, as well as introduction into clinical practice of new methods of intensive therapy of critical states, parenteral and enteral nutrition in immunocompromised patients. Experimental and clinical studies to investigate the mechanism of action of pharmacological agents used in intensive therapy in patients with diseases of the blood system. 8. Transplantation (transplantation) of bone marrow and hematopoietic stem cells in hereditary and acquired diseases of the blood system and immune system, as well as in the complex treatment of oncologic diseases. Study of indications, methods of pre-transplantation treatment, stages of transplantation and management of post-transplantation period, efficiency and peculiarities of post-transplantation restoration of hematopoiesis, immunopoiesis and immunogenesis. Typing and selection of histocompatible donors, creation of registers (databases) of potential donors of bone marrow and hematopoietic stem cells. Research on development of ways to overcome tissue incompatibility, including immunological complications, by means of in-depth study of transplantation immunology and pathophysiology, the main human histocompatibility system and introduction of the obtained data into clinical practice. 9. Cell therapy using modified and/or cultured allogeneic or outgrown cell populations of hematopoietic and immune system. 10. Research of hematopoietic stem, mesenchymal stromal and certain types of human somatic cells and developments in the field of cell technologies in hematology in order to introduce new methods of therapy and prophylaxis into clinical practice. 11. Improvement and development of new methods for obtaining and storing cellular and protein components of blood, blood substitutes and transfusion media, ensuring quality control and safe use. 12. Improvement and development of scientifically based indications for clinical use of donor blood and (or) its components and blood products and methods of blood conservation, prevention and treatment of post-transfusion reactions and complications, including infectious diseases and ensuring the quality of donor blood components. 13. Organization and provision of medical care, development of new organizational models and technologies in blood system diseases. Study of the quality of medical care for diseases of the blood system. Organization of donation of blood and its components, bone marrow and hematopoietic stem cells, including issues of improvement of blood service. Statistical observation and epidemiology of blood system diseases (population hematology). 14. Pharmaco-economic, medico-legal, organizational and methodological aspects in hematology and transfusiology. 15. Studies of the peculiarities of the course of bacterial, fungal and viral infections in patients with diseases of the blood system. Study of bacterial and fungal species, sensitivity to antimicrobial and antifungal drugs isolated from patients with blood system diseases. Study of molecular mechanisms of resistance and genetic diversity of infectious agents in patients with blood system diseases. 16. Search for new hemostatic, biologically active and other pharmacological substances. Investigation of the mechanisms of action of hemostatic pharmacological substances in experiments on animals, on isolated organs and tissues, as well as on cell cultures. Establishing relationships between doses, concentrations and efficacy of hemostatic drugs. Development of technologies for obtaining hemostatic pharmaceutical substances in various dosage forms. Development of drugs by complex processing of human blood plasma. Transfer of technologies from the stage of pharmaceutical development to mass production. 17. Investigation of the problems of professional training, advanced training, personnel evaluation and staffing for sustainable scientific and technological development in hematology and transfusiology. 18. Study of the prevalence and peculiarities of the course of blood system diseases, improvement of technologies for their prevention and treatment in the indigenous and native population in the Far North and equated areas.