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1.5.4 Biochemistry

1. Chemical composition of cells of living organisms. 2. Biochemistry of proteins. Proteomics. Protein engineering. Structural biology. 3. Enzymology. Mechanisms of catalysis. Regulation of enzymatic activity. Modeling of enzymatic processes. 4. Biochemistry of nucleic acids. 5. Biochemistry of lipids. Lipidomics. 6. Biochemistry of carbohydrates. Functional glycomics. 7. Hormones. Mechanisms of hormonal signaling. 8. Structure and metabolic functions of biomembranes. 9. Bioenergetics. 10. Photobiochemistry. 11. Biochemical/metabolic/energetic processes in tissues and organs of the organism in norm and pathologies. Metabolomics. 12. Gas transport system of the body. 13. Human and animal clinical biochemistry. 14. Biochemical bases of aging of the organism. 15. Programmed cell death. Apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy. 16. Mechanisms of neurocognitive deficit development. 17. The immune system, viral, preon diseases. 18. Biochemistry of sports. 19. Nutritional biochemistry of humans, animals, plants and microorganisms. 20. Study of chemical and microbiological safety of products of biological origin. 21. Metabolic engineering. 22. Engineering (synthetic) biology. 23. Nanoparticle biotechnology, their role in targeted drug delivery and disease diagnosis. 24. Creation of special biochemical equipment. 25. Environmental biochemistry, mechanisms of adaptation to the environment. 26. Penetrating radiation, ultraviolet and ionizing radiation, electromagnetic fields. Changes at cellular and tissue levels. The role of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress.