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1.3.21 Medical physics

1. Study of physical phenomena and processes in the human and animal organism in norm and pathology to create fundamentally new devices, apparatuses, materials and technologies for medical purposes, as well as the study of physical properties of human and animal tissues and organs in order to develop and improve therapeutic and diagnostic technologies using physical principles, effects, fields and radiations. 2. Mathematical modeling of physiological and physical processes, as well as physiological, pathophysiological, biochemical and other changes in the human and animal organism under the influence of various physical factors in order to increase the diagnostic informativeness and therapeutic efficiency of the treatment and diagnostic process; development of physical and mathematical models of interaction of ionizing and non-ionizing radiation, fields, acoustic oscillations with biological tissues and media; solving the problems of calculation of fields and and and 3. Development of physical methods and approaches for cognitive research, study of the structure and properties of the human and animal brain, including the tasks of functional diagnostics. 4. Development of scientific, methodological and practical principles of functioning of digital technologies, artificial intelligence and neural networks in medical practice, including the use of telemedicine technologies. 5. Research in the field of biocompatibility, biomechanics and neuroregulation of implants, providing replacement of functions of separate organs, their fragments or physiological systems, physicochemical features of interaction of implants with surrounding biological tissues and media; development of additive technology methods for creation of organs, tissues and their substitutes for reconstructive medicine, including hybrid materials for biomedical applications. 6. 6. Development and application of physical methods and mathematical models to study the structure and functional properties of molecular objects for biomedical applications: biomacromolecules, pharmaceuticals, including complexes with membrane-like media, relevant substances, liquid and bionic crystals, etc. 7. 7. Development of new physical principles, devices, methods and software and algorithmic tools for medical imaging in nuclear medicine, X-ray diagnostics, computer and magnetic resonance tomography, microwave and ultrasonic diagnostics, optical coherence, diffusion and optical-acoustic tomography, ultrasound technologies, interventional radiology, theranostics, virtual endoscopy and other medical technologies. 8. Research on creation of new radiation methods and radiation-physical devices for radiation therapy; development of physical means, methods and software and algorithmic support for structural anatomical tonometry, dosimetric planning of therapeutic irradiation, realization of ultrasound therapeutic effects, clinical dosimetry, radionuclide therapy and diagnostics. 9. Development of methods and devices for the control of physical factors affecting humans and animals in experiments and in the therapeutic and diagnostic process, related to the issues of metrology and measuring instruments in medicine; development and scientific substantiation of the application of new therapeutic and diagnostic methods, approaches, devices and technologies using various physical effects on humans and animals; experimental and theoretical substantiation of the maximum permissible and most effective levels of such effects; determination of the quality of the treatment and diagnostic methods, approaches, devices and technologies. 10. Development of methods of application of synchrotron and neutron radiation for nuclear medicine, including hadron therapy, gamma therapy, conventional radiation therapy, radiation diagnostics and therapy, positron emission tomography, proton radiation therapy, including heavy ion therapy; new methods and techniques of radioisotope production and isolation of a wide range of medical radionuclides to create radiopharmaceuticals for medical imaging and therapy. 11. Development of physical bases for ensuring safety of patients, personnel, population and environment when using for medical purposes sources of ionizing and non-ionizing radiation, electromagnetic fields, ultrasonic and shock-wave effects, etc.; development of physical bases for calculation and design of radiation protection of medical reactors, gas pedals, generators and apparatuses used in radiological buildings of medical institutions.